Last update: April 29, 2002
 

This  web-page is a list of existing synthetic espectra that may be relevant for the GAIA mission. It is not a complete list and we work to extend it as much as possible. If you have knowledge of any other synthetic spectra grid that could be included, please, contact us by e-mail.
 

. Click here for a summary

• Kurucz
• PHOENIX
• NextGen (dwarfs)
• NextGen2 (dwarfs)
• NextGen (giants)
• Models with dust
• NMARCS
• Bessell et al. (1989, 1991)
• Fluks et al. (1994)
• Brown et al. (1989)
• BaSeL



• Norbert Christlieb (Carbon Stars)
• Jørgensen et al. (Carbon Stars)
• Johnson & Yorka (R Stars)
• Johnson et al. (Red Giant Stars)



• O'Donoghue et al. (sdB or EHB)



• Hamann & Koesterke (1998) (Nitrogen Wolf-Rayet stars)
• Torres & Massey (1987) (Observed Carbon Wolf-Rayet stars)
• Schmutz (1996) (Wolf-Rayet stars)

 'Notes on the convection in the ATLAS9 model atmospheres' F. Castelli, R.G. Gratton and R.L. Kurucz, A&A 318, 841-869 (1997)

 'A library of theoretical stellar flux spectra. I. Synthetic UBVRI photometry and the metallicity scale for F- for K-type stars' R. Buser and R.L.Kurucz, A&A 264, 557-591 (1992)

 'Model atmospheres for G, F, A, B, and O stars' R. L. Kurucz, ApJ Suppl. Ser.,40,1,1977

Grid coverage:

3500K < T_eff < 50000 K

 +0.0 < log g < +5.0

 -5.0 < [M/H] < +1.0

 9.1 nm < lambda < 160000 nm

 v_turb = 2.0 km/s

  L/H = 0, 1.25

* In the Robert L. Kurucz Main page, under "grid of model atmospheres", some synthetic models, computed by F. Castelli, for alpha-enhanced stars can be found.

   Models for [alpha/Fe]=+0.4 already exist for:

[M/H]=-1.0, -1.5, -2.0 for v_turb=1 km/sec

[M/H]= -1.5, -2.0 for v_turb=2 km/sec

[M/H]= -1.5, -2.0 for v_turb=4 km/sec

• Main page of Robert L. Kurucz
• Astronomical catalogs of CDBS
• ftp with Kurucz'93 grid

NextGen (dwarfs):

 'The NextGen Model Atmosphere Grid for 3000 < Teff < 10000K ',P.H. Hauschildt, F. Allard and E. Baron, 1999, ApJ 512, 377

 and Extended: Allard and Hauschildt 1995, ApJ 441, 170
 

Grid coverage:

1000K < T_eff < 10000 K

 +3.5 < log g < +6.0

 -4.0 < [M/H] < +0.0

 10 nm < lambda < 1000000 nm

NextGen2 (dwarfs):

Click here to access the files.

Grid coverage:

2000K < T_eff < 10000 K

 -0.5 < log g < +5.5

 -2.3 < [M/H] < +0.3

 -0.2 < [alpha/Fe] < +0.8

 M = 0.5, 1 M_Sun

 1 nm < lambda < 50000 nm

NextGen (giants):

 'The NEXTGEN Model Atmosphere Grid. II. Spherically Symmetric Model Atmospheres for Giant Stars with Effective Temperatures between 3000 and 6800 K',P.H. Hauschildt, F. Allard, J. Ferguson, E. Baron and D.R. Alexander, 1999, ApJ 525, 195

Grid coverage:

2000K < T_eff < 7400 K

 +0.0 < log g < +3.5

 -0.7 < [M/H] < +0.0

 10 nm < lambda < 1000000 nm

Models with dust:

Reference:

 'The Limiting Effects of Dust in Brown Dwarf Model Atmospheres',Allard F., Hauschildt P.H., Alexander D.R., Tamani A., Schweitzer A., 2001, ApJ 556, 357

Optimal sequence (limits included):
3000 < T_eff < 5000 K       STARdusty1999
2500 < T_eff < 2900 K       BDdusty1999
1900 < T_eff < 2400 K       BDdusty2000
 100 < T_eff < 1800 K       BDcond2000

STARdusty1999:

Grid coverage:

1000K < T_eff < 5000 K

 +3.5 < log g < +6.0

 [M/H] = +0.0

 10 nm < lambda < 500000 nm
 

Grid coverage:

500K < T_eff < 4000 K

 +3.5 < log g < +6.0

 -1.5 < [M/H] < +0.0

 10 nm < lambda < 500000 nm
 

Grid coverage:

1500K < T_eff < 2500 K

 +3.5 < log g < +6.0

 [M/H] = +0.0

 10 nm < lambda < 500000 nm
 

Grid coverage:

100K < T_eff < 3000 K

 +2.5 < log g < +6.0

 [M/H] = +0.0

 10 nm < lambda < 500000 nm  

Links:

• PHOENIX Group Page
• ftp with NextGen (dwarfs) models
• ftp with NextGen2 (dwarfs) models
• ftp with NextGen (giants) models
• ftp with Models with dust

 Plez, B., Edvardsson B., Gustafsson B. Eriksson K., Jørgensen U.G., 1997 (private communication)
These models improve the MARCS models (' A grid of model atmospheres for metal-deficient giant stars. I ', Gustafsson B., Bell R. A., Eriksson K., Nordlund A., 1975, A&A 42, 407)

 'Opacity sampling model photospheres for M dwars. I. Computations, sensitivities and comparisons' Brett, J.M., A&A 295, 736, 1995.

Grid coverage:

2000K < T_eff < 4750 K

 -0.5 < log g < +3.5

 -0.6 < [M/H] < +0.6

 99.4 nm < lambda < 12500 nm

 'Colors of extended static model photospheres of M giants',M.S. Bessell, J.M. Brett, M. Scholtz and P.R. Wood, A&A Suppl. Ser. 77, 1-30 (1989)

'Colors and stratifications of extended static models photospheres of M stars located on the FGB, AGB and supergiant branch' M.S. Bessell, J.M. Brett, M. Scholtz and P.R. Wood, A&A Suppl. Ser. 89, 335-366 (1991)

Model computed as in 'Properties and spectra of extended static model photospheres of M giants' Scholz, M., A&A 145, 251 (1985)

 Grid coverage:

2500K < T_eff < 3800 K

 -1.0 < log g < +1.0

 -1.0 < [M/H] < +0.5

 491 nm < lambda < 4090 nm

 'On the spectra and photometry of M-giant stars' M.A. Fluks, B. Plez, P.S. Thé, D. de Winter, B.E. Westerlund and H.C. Steenman, A&A Suppl. Ser. 105, 311-336 (1994)

Grid coverage:

2500K < T_eff < 3800 K

 -2.50 < log g[m/s²] < -0.40 ---> -0.5 < log g[cm/s²] < -1.6

 [M/H] = +0.0

 99 nm < lambda < 12500 nm

 'Model atmospheres for K and M giants', Brown J.A., Johnson H.R., Alexander D.R., Cutright L.C. and Sharp C.M., ApJ Suppl. Ser. 71, 623-646, 1989

Grid coverage:

3000K < T_eff < 4000 K

 +0.0 < log g < +2.0

 ' A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. I. Calibration of theoretical spectra', Th. Lejeune, F. Cuisinier, and R. Buser, A&A Suppl. Ser., 125, 229-246 (1997)

 ' A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. II. The M dwarf extension' T. Lejeune, F. Cuisinier, and R. Buser, A&A Suppl. Ser., 130, 65-75 (1998)

 'A standard stellar library for evolutionary synthesis. III. Metallicity calibration' P. Westera, T. Lejeune, R. Buser, F. Cuisinier, and G. Bruzual A., A&A 381, 524, 2002

Grid coverage:

2000K < T_eff < 50000 K

 -1.02 < log g < +5.5

 -5.0 < [M/H] < +1.0

 9.1 nm < lambda < 160000 nm

• BaSeL Interpolation Engine
• ftp to BaSeL

 'I just finished computing a first grid of synthetic spectra of carbon stars. Alpha-enhancement is taken into account. The grid is still a bit crude in T_eff and [Fe/H], but it is a start! A refinement in [Fe/H] and T_eff as well as extensions of the parameter space covered in T_eff and [C/Fe] are in the works. Spectral coverage is 2500..10500 Å, resolution is 80 km/s (that is, about 2 Å at H_gamma)'. Norbert Christlieb (April 22nd, 2002)

Grid coverage:

[C/Fe] = +0.0, +0.5, +1.0, +1.5 and +2.0

 [Fe/H] = -1.0, -2.0, -3.0

 T_eff = 5000, 5500, 6000, and 6500 K

 log g = +2.5, +3.5 and +4.5

 250 nm < lambda < 1050 nm

 'Effects of sphericity in carbon star atmospheres'Jørgensen U.G., Johnson H.R., Nordlund A., A&A 261, 263, 1992

 'Spherical models for Carbon Stars' Jørgensen U.G., Johnson H.R., Nordlund A., ASP Conf. Ser., 26, 540, 1992

Grid coverage:

[C/O] = +1.02, +1.35, and +2.0

 Z/Z_sun = +0.1, +0.5, and +1.0

 T_eff = 2500, 2800, 3100, and 3400 K

 log g = -1.0, -0.5, and +0.5

 M/M_sun = 0.7, 1.5, 3.0, 10, and 100

 125 nm < lambda < 25000 nm

 'Model atmospheres for R stars' Johnson, H.R., and Yorka S.B.,ApJ 311, 299-304, 1986

Grid coverage:

4000K < T_eff < 5400K

 log g = +2.0, +3.0

 [C/O] > 1

 ' Red Giant Model Atmospheres. I. A grid of opacity sampled models ' Johnson, H.R., Bernat, A.P., Krupp, B.M., ApJS 42, 510, 1980

Grid coverage:

2500K < T_eff < 4000K

 0.0 < log g < +2.0

 'A new class of rapidly pulsating star - IV. Oscillations in EC20117-4014 and atmospheric analyses', O'Donoghue, D., Lynas-Gray, A.E., Kilkenny, D., Stobie, R.S., and Koen C., MNRAS 285, 657 (1997)

 Grid coverage:

20000K < T_eff < 40000K

 5.0 < log g < 7.0

 0.0 < N(He)/N(H) < 3.0

 'The nitrogen spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars. A grid of models and its application to the Galactic WN sample', Hamann W.-R., and Koesterke L., A&A 333, 251 (1998)

 'Spectral atlas of the Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars (WN sequence)', Hamann, W.-R., Koesterke, L., Wessolowski, U., A&AS 113, 459 (1995) (¡OBSERVED LIBRARY!)

 Grid coverage:

Z = +0.0

 28.2 kK < T_* < 200 kK

 0.4 < R_t < 100 R_sun

 V_inf= 1600, 2500 km/s

 log L/L_sun = 5.3

Links:

• Nitrogen WR Atlas (Observed WN, Hamann et al. 1995)

 'An Atlas of optical spectrophotometry of Wolf-Rayet carbon and oxygen stars', Ana V. Torres & Philip Massey, ApJ Suppl. Ser., 65, 459 (1987)

 'Spectrophotometry of Wolf-Rayet stars: Intrinsic Colors and absolute magnitudes', Ana V. Torres & Philip Massey, ApJ, 96, 1076 (1988)

Links:

• ADC Catalogue III/136 (from ApJ Suppl. Ser., 65, 459, 1987)
• ADC Catalogue III/143 (from ApJ, 96, 1076, 1988)

 Schmutz, W. 1996, in From Stars to Galaxies: The Impact of Stellar Physics on Galaxy Evolution, ed. C. Leitherer, U. Fritze-von Alvensleben, and J. Huchra, ASP Conf. Series, Vol. 98, p. 92

 Grid coverage:

28.2 kK < T_* < 86.6 kK

 0.6 < R_t < 80 R_sun